ملخص مادة مقدمة في الهندسة
من إعداد إسلام أحمد علي عبدالعزيز أحمد
Introduction To Engineering for CHAPTER 6 and 7
BY:Islam Ahmed Ali
Chapter 6
ملخص بسيط لـ شبتر 6 النظري فقط
Measurement in the past:
Finger length, arm span, step length, stick and rope
Measurement Today:
Ruler, a yardstick and a steel tape
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMI)
The Global Positioning System (GPS)
هذه المعادلة حفظ:
Approximation of Planar Areas:
- The Trapezoidal Rule
- Counting the Squares
- Subtracting Unwanted Areas
Chapter 7
NSPE: National Society of Professional Engineers
stated in (NSPE) code of ethics:
- Engineering is an important and learned profession
- Engineers have honesty and integrity يملك المهندسون الصدق والنزاهة
- Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people الهندسة لها تأثير مباشر و حيوي على حياة الناس
- Engineers must perform under a standard of professional
the services provided by engineers require:
honesty, impartiality, fairness, and equity; and must be dedicated to
the protection of the public health, safety, and welfare.
- Engineers have an ethical and social responsibility to themselves, their cients and to society.
- Engineering ethics is about balancing cost, schedule, and risk.
Why Study Engineering Ethics? (يحفظ 4 على الأقل)
- It is the right thing to do.
- It is required.
- It is part of being a modern engineer or scientist
- It may save lives.
- It may keep you out of trouble.
- It may protect you from legal assault.
Morals: differ from person to person based on personal beliefs often religion
Legal: what behavior is legal and illegal.
Ethics: code of conduct based on personal morals and legalities.
Questionable Engineering Practices:
- Trimming
- cooking
- Forging
- Plagiarism
conflicts of interest (such as accepting gifts):
- actual
- potential
- apparent
Clearly Wrong Engineering Practices:
- lying
- deliberate deception الخداع المتعمد
- withholding informationحجب المعلومات
- failing to adequately promote the dissemination of information الفشل في نشر المعلومات بالشكل المناسب
- failure to seek out the truth الفشل في البحث عن الحقيقة
- revealing confidential information الكشف عن المعلومات السرية
Some Solid Rules (guidelines):
- Accept personal responsibility. تقبل المسؤالية الشخصية
- Avoid conflict of interest. تجنب المصالح
- Maintain your technical competence. الحفاظ على الكفاءة التقنية الخاصة بك
- Seek, accept, and offer honest criticism. الالتماس و القبول وتقديم نقد صادق
- Treat people fairly انصاف الناس
- Avoid injuring others. تجنب إصابة الاخرين
- Assist others in following these guidelines مساعدة الاخرين لاتباع هذه الارشادات
conduct of the professional engineer at all times:
- Duties to the public وجبات للجمهور
- Duties to the client or employer واجبات للعميل و الموظفين
- Duties to the profession وجبات للمهنة
